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Duke nets $46.5M for AIDS research

(08/25/06 7:00am)

In an effort to expedite the development of an HIV vaccine, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced in late July it would give 16 grants, totaling $287 million, to researchers around the world-with Duke receiving a portion of the funds. Along with research institutes from more than a dozen countries, Duke will receive two of the 16 grants, totalling $46.5 million, said David Montefiori, a principal investigator for one of Duke's grants. Montefiori explained that the new Gates Foundation gift was designed to address two "high-priority" areas in the global campaign to develop an HIV vaccine: trial vaccine discovery and improving laboratory standardization to analyze candidate vaccines. "We have all been frustrated by the slow pace of progress in HIV vaccine development, yet breakthroughs are achievable if we aggressively pursue scientific leads and work together in new ways," Dr. José Esparza, senior advisor on HIV vaccines for the Gates Foundation, said in a July 19 statement. The group of grant-funded consortia-which are known as the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery-will include 165 investigators from 19 countries, and the Gates' emphasis on cooperation makes the initiative unique among similar projects. "All of these groups are expected to work together and collaborate with one another, and that's really never been done before," Montefiori said. Eleven of the grant-funded consortia will concentrate on candidate vaccine discovery, and the remaining five grants will establish central laboratories to analyze and standardize the research conducted from those projects. The two programs at Duke-each focusing on one of these two priorities-will participate in this research partnership, Montefiori said. The first grant project, led by Montefiori, will focus on laboratory standardization. Its work will be funded with $31.5 million received from the Gates grant-the second largest of the 16 grants, he said. Principal investigator Barton Haynes, director of the University's Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, will lead the team of investigators working for vaccine discovery. Its specific grant from the Gates Foundation totalled $15 million. As part of the Gates Foundation's plan, collaboration will take place between the two programs working at Duke. "[Haynes] will send us the blood samples from those tests to see if they're neutralizing antibodies," Montefiori said. "Part of what my grant will do is to provide this type of service for all of the vaccine discovery groups that are in the CAVD." Montefiori's group will work to provide valid lab criteria in order to judge the potential of candidate HIV vaccines in their early stages. "It's important to be able to compare these vaccines on a level playing field to determine whether one might be better than another," he said. "That will allow us to decide which of these candidate vaccines are most deserving of advancing to human clinical trials." Co-investigators will include fellow faculty members Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe, Georgia Tomaras, Guido Ferrari, Norman Chen and Feng Gao. Haynes' research, on the other hand, will be one of the projects that feeds candidate vaccines for testing to laboratories like Montefiori's. This second grant-funded project hopes to find ways to "switch on" the human immune system's ability to make antibodies that are effective against HIV. Scientists will work with researchers from Zambia to study a less virulent form of the virus.